1. Several studies have looked at lecturers’ views
    The lecturers’ views are about academic writing
    The writing was done by ESL students. (ESL = English as a second language)
    Several studies have looked at lecturers’ views about ESL students’ academic writing. N + N + Prepositional phrase
    Notice how a second complex noun phrase is embedded inside the first, i.e. ESL students’ academic writing – N + N + Adj + N
  2. The growth
    The number of ESL students has grown
    The ESL students are international students
    The students are at universities in Australia.

  3. The Silk Road is a website
    It exists in a part of the internet called Tor
    Tor is hidden
    Tor allows people to access the internet anonymously*
    It does this by hiding their computer's identity and location
    *anonymously = without revealing their name

  4. A discussion
    The discussion is about the findings from a study
    The findings are preliminary
    The study examines some factors
    These factors influence how lecturers assess written work
    The written work is students’ written work
    The students are from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.